River Input
Sources
River input provides a significant volume of freshwater to the Salish Sea and can influence stratification, circulation and primary productivity. We need to parametrise the rivers that flow into the Salish Sea throughout the domain.
Morrison et al. (2011) provides a method for estimating freshwater runoff in the Salish Sea region based on precipitation. We acquired the exact data from Morrison, which includes the runoff volumes for each watershed for each year from 1970 to 2012, as well as monthly averages. These data are saved in netcdf files in the rivers-climatology.
Figure 1 of Morrison et al. (2011) shows the watershed boundaries but for more precise detail, some of these boundaries coincide with watershed boundaries shown on this ArcGIS map.
Next, we split the freshwater runoff from each watershed between the rivers in that watershed. To do this, we needed accurate maps of the rivers in the region. The following sources were used:
For BC, maps of rivers can be found on the Atlas of Canada - Toporama site.
For BC, maps of watersheds used to be available at
http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/fish/pdf/prov_wsgs.pdf
.In Washington, maps of watersheds are available at this site.
For the Fraser River, the split between the arms is given in Thomson, 1981, available here
From the maps, the percentage of the watershed that each river drains was estimated.
Based on the values in Morrison et al. (2011), the approximate percentage of freshwater input from each watershed in our domain is given below:
Fraser 44%
Skagit 12%
East Vancouver Is (North and South) 12%
Howe 7%
Bute 7%
Puget 6%
Juan de Fuca 5%
Jervis 4%
Toba 3%
Through the method described above, we have parameterised a total of 150 rivers in our domain.
Watersheds
Fraser
Source used: BCCF map and WA map and Thomson, 1981 to split Fraser flow among its arms
Includes three arms of the Fraser River (v. important to Salish Sea!) and some little US rivers south of the Fraser, shown in WRIA1
Assume that the Fraser River itself occupies 98% of this watershed, and that WRIA1 occupies 2% of this watershed
WRIA1
20% of WRIA1 flows into the Fraser anyway
WRIA1 = Flux*(0.02*0.80)
Fraser = Flux - WRIA1
Dakota Creek occupies 6% of WRIA1, enters at 48.9684184, -122.7371679, i = 362, j = 357
Terrel Creek occupies 4% of WRAI1, enters at 48.9063480, -122.7649440, i = 351, j = 345
Nooksack River occupies 75% of WRIA1, enters at 48.7896486, -122.6667206, i = 321, j = 347
Squallum River occupies 5% of WRIA1, enters at 48.7602333, -122.5129287, i = 305, j = 365
Lake river thingo occupies 6% of WRIA1, i = 302, j = 367, enters at 48.7520645, -122.4882228
Chuckanut occupies 4% of WRIA1, enters at 48.7243762, -122.5068995, i = 298, j = 361
Fraser River
Main South Arm cells based on map are i=414,415,416 and j=334
Assumed that 75% goes into the main South Arm (Thomson, 1981)
Southern South Arm 5% (aka Canoe Pass, although that is not open), cells i= 409,410 j=315 . This position was corrected in November 2015.
Main Arm 5%, cells i=434,435, j=318
North Arm 15%, cells i=440, j=323,324
Skagit
Source used: WA map
Includes sub-watersheds WRIA3, WRIA4, WRIA5 and WRIA7 from WA map
WRIA4 represents 33% of Skagit Watershed
Baker River and lake drains 8% of WRIA4 but does not enter ocean (24.7)… but Morrison spreadsheet is for coastal runoff therefore assume Skagit River drains 100% of WRIA4 and then enters WRIA3
WRIA3 represents 17% of Skagit Watershed
Skagit River drains 75% of WRIA3
assume 50% enters at 48.297470, -122.390614 (i = 207, j = 326)
assume 50% enters at 48.370163,-122.497387 (i = 229, j = 319)
Samish River drains 20% of WRIA3 (48.569395,-122.472496) (i = 265, j = 348)
Joe Leary Slough drains 5% of WRIA 3 (48.520811,-122.484426) (i = 257, j = 339)
WRIA5 represents 17% of Skagit Watershed
Stillaguamish River drains 100% of WRIA5
assume 70% enters at 48.196188,-122.371902 (i = 186, j = 316)
assume 10% enters at 48.222042,-122.392502 (i = 192, j = 315)
assume 20% enters at 48.254513,-122.40263 (i = 200, j = 318)
WRIA7 represents 33% of Skagit Watershed
Snohomish River drains 96% of WRIA7, Quilceda Creek drains 1% of WRIA7, Allen Creek drains 1% of WRIA7, all enter at 48.028853,-122.212429 (i = 143, j = 318)
Tulalip Creek drains 1% of WRIA7 (48.064343,-122.284926) (i = 154, j = 311)
Mission Creek drains 1% of WRIA7 (48.056656,-122.274742) (i = 152, j = 312)
EVI_N
Source used: Toporama map at 1:100,000 (CA). Areas (other than Oyster, Campbell, Sayward) were estimated from print outs of the graphs. Large rivers areas are given in Environment Canada (EC) database. Note that not all of Morrison’s EVI_N drains into our model.
Percent drained from each river was proportional to its drainage area versus the total drainage area given by Morrison.
Below, rivers marked with ‘+’ means I made up the name.
Oyster River is at 705,122: area 363 km2 (according to EC) - corrected in November 2015 to move it off land
Qunisam River flows into Campbell River. #08HD003 is Campbell River at the town, drainage area 1470 km2 (EC) Latitude: 50.0353065 Longitude: -125.2629857, Lat/Lon of mouth -125.2601, 50.0510 for the mouth gives two points 123 749 and 750
Snowden Creek 139 km2 CA Latitude: 50.1125819 Longitude: -125.3723186 point 117 770
Menzies Creek 31 km2 CA Latitude: 50.1383412 Longitude: -125.3908277 point 117 773
Creek 1+ 23 km2 CA Latitude: 50.1952619 Longitude: -125.3825383 point 123 786
Creek 2+ 16 km2 CA Latitude: 50.2333137 Longitude: -125.3975887 point 126 795
Creek 3 23 km2 CA Latitude: 50.2435598 Longitude: -125.3991498 point 127 798
Elk Creek+ 23 km2 CA Latitude: 50.2819399 Longitude: -125.4402655 point 127 807
Slab Creek+ 12 km2 CA Latitude: 50.3063334 Longitude: -125.4381633 point 129 813
Pye Creek 109 km2 CA Latitude: 50.336607 Longitude: -125.5188295 point 121 826
Bear Point Creek+ 12 km2 CA Latitude: 50.3628639 Longitude: -125.6340551 point 107 839
Amor de Cosmos Creek 229 km2 CA Latitude: 50.3582412 Longitude: -125.6876354 point 96 843
Humpback+ 10 km2 CA Latitude: 50.3561671 Longitude: -125.7174369 point 93 844
Palmer+ 14 km2 CA Latitude: 50.3603414 Longitude: -125.7371761 point 92 845
Hkusam+ 14 km2 CA Latitude: 50.3624995 Longitude: -125.7693388 point 87 848
Camp Point South+ 14 km2 CA Latitude: 50.3815933 Longitude: -125.8429452 point 77, 858
Camp Point North+ 14 km2 CA Latitude: 50.3807285 Longitude: -125.8540664 point 78, 858 so done together with Camp Point South
Salmon River drainage area 1210 km2 (EC), #08HD006 is Salmon River near Sayward, Latitude: 50.3930713 Longitude: -125.9514349 points 64 866-867
Sayward+ 14 km2 CA Latitude: 50.388379 Longitude: -125.9592292 point 64, 866
Kelsey+ 10 km2 CA Latitude: 50.4122688 Longitude: -125.9864134 point 62 872
double rivers Communication+ 7 km2 CA Latitude: 50.4253357 Longitude: -126.0181504 & Latitude: 50.4292907 Longitude: -126.0299097 points 59, 877 and 58, 879 put both in at 59, 878
unmarked+ 7 km2 CA Latitude: 50.4427467 Longitude: -126.0688793 point 54 884
Newcastle+ 34 km2 CA Latitude: 50.4526841 Longitude: -126.1194916 point 47 890
Windy+ 10 km2 CA Latitude: 50.4552649 Longitude: -126.1585149 point 42 893
Howe
Source used: BCCF information to determine amount coming from Burrard Inlet. This is a region we could return to using the Toporama maps.
Squamish River is 90% of watershed (i = 532 and j=385, j=386)
Burrard Inlet is 10% of watershed (i=457-459 and j=343)
Bute
Source used: Numerous sources on major rivers in the region including wikipedia entries, tourist agencies etc. This is a region we could return to using the Toporama maps.
Assume Homathko is 58% of watershed (i=897,j=294)
Assume Southgate is 35% of watershed (i=885,j=296-297)
Assume Orford is 7% of watershed (i=831, j=249)
Puget
Source used: WA map
Includes sub-watersheds WRIA17, WRIA16, WRIA15, WRIA14, WRIA08, WRIA09, WRIA10, WRIA12 and WRIA11 from WA map
WRIA17 10% of Puget Sound Watershed
Johnson 5% of WRIA17, 48.061231,-123.039665, i = 207, j = 202
Jimmycomelately 5% of WRIA17, 48.028911,-123.004131, i = 199, j = 202
Salmon and Snow 25% of WRIA17, 47.997331,-122.873926, i = 182, j = 219
Chimacum 20% of WRIA17, 48.048939, -122.769771, i = 185, j = 240
Thorndike 5% of WRIA17, 47.808831,-122.739944, i = 137, j = 215
Torboo 5% of WRIA17, 47.843407,-122.812986, i = 149, j = 208
Little Quilcene/Big Quilcene 35% of WRIA17, 47.813846,-122.854614, i = 146, j = 199
WRIA16 10% of Puget Sound Watershed
Dosewalips 20% of WRIA16, 47.681628,-122.893496, i = 124, j = 177
Duckabush 14% of WRIA16, 47.645094,-122.92973, i = 119, j = 167
Fulton 2% of WRIA16, 47.616376,-122.973876, i = 116, j = 156
Waketick 2% of WRIA16, 47.557241,-123.023751, i = 108, j = 141
Hamma Hamma 14% of WRIA16, 47.548001,-123.038936, i = 107, j = 139
Jorsted 2% of WRIA16, 47.527069,-123.049386, i = 104, j = 135
Eagle 2% of WRIA16, 47.484004,-123.076165, i = 98, j = 127
Lilliwaup 2% of WRIA16, 47.462407,-123.113351, i = 95, j = 118
Finch 2% of WRIA16, 47.406308,-123.138102, i = 87, j = 108
Skokomish 40% of WRIA16, 47.345802,-123.121719, i = 75, j = 103
WRIA15 15% of Puget Sound Watershed
Rendsland 2.5% of WRIA15, 47.385624,-123.114982, i = 81, j = 107
Tahuya 20% of WRIA15, 47.36842,-123.052325, i = 72, j = 114
Mission 5% of WRIA15, 47.428697,-122.873712, i = 73, j = 149
Union 10% of WRIA15, 47.437899, -122.854443, i = 74, j = 153
Coulter 5% of WRIA15, 47.400179,-122.821827, i = 64, j = 153
Minter 5% of WRIA15, 47.358072,-122.690935, i = 46, j = 168
Butley 5% of WRIA15, 47.380568,-122.633307, i = 47, j = 178
Olalla 5% of WRIA15, 47.42125,-122.54071, i = 48, j = 197
Blackjack 5% of WRIA15, 47.545278,-122.627292
Clear 5% of WRIA15, 47.64735,-122.686901
Barker 2.5% of WRIA15, 47.636998,-122.674971
Big Valley 10% of WRIA15, 47.736812,-122.653127
Assume 50% of Blackjack+Clear+Barker+BigValley enters Puget Sound at i = 68, j = 210
Assume 50% of Blackjack+Clear+Barker+BigValley enters Puget Sound at 47.724083,-122.551725 i = 108, j = 232
Big Bear 5% of WRIA15, 47.657482,-122.785542, i = 112, j = 189
Swaback 2.5% of WRIA15, 47.638589,-122.835217, i = 112, j = 182
Stavis 2.5% of WRIA15, 47.632595,-122.868519, i = 113, j = 174
Anderson 5% of WRIA15, 47.567261,-122.97143, i = 107, j = 150
Dewatta 5% of WRIA15, 47.452208,-123.058977, i = 94, j = 122
WRIA14 5% of Puget Sound Watershed
Sherwood 15% of WRIA14, 47.378098,-122.828994, i = 60, j = 149
Deer 10% of WRIA14, 47.250193,-123.026683
Johns 10% of WRIA14, 47.243843,-123.043656
Goldborough 15% of WRIA14, 47.210765,-123.089018
Mill 15% of WRIA14, 47.19779,-122.99336
Skookum 10% of WRIA14, 47.136374,-123.075929
Kennedy 10% of WRIA14, 47.057873,-123.006234
Schneider 5% of WRIA14, 47.057932,-122.998338
Perry 10% of WRIA14,
50% of Deer+Johns+Goldborough+Mill+Skookum+Kennedy+Schneider enter Puget Sound at 47.289476,-122.894711,i = 47, j = 130
50% of Deer+Johns+Goldborough+Mill+Skookum+Kennedy+Schneider +100% of Perry enter Puget Sound at 47.166609,-122.861266, i = 20, j = 120
WRIA13 3% of Puget Sound Watershed
McClane 10% of WRIA13
Deschutes 70% of WRIA13
Woodward 10% of WRIA13
Woodland 10% of WRIA13
Assume McClane+Deschutes+Woodward+Woodland enter Puget Sound at 47.182713,-122.83659, i = 22, j = 121
WRIA12 2% of Puget Sound Watershed
Chambers 100% of WRIA12 47.187438,-122.584419, i = 6, j = 162
WRIA11 15% of Puget Sound Watershed
Nisqually 99.5% of WRIA11 47.099227,-122.701149
McAllister 0.5% of WRIA11 47.098233,-122.723994
Assume Nisqually+McAllister enter Puget Sound at i = 0, j = 137
WRIA10 20% of Puget Sound Watershed
Puyallup 99.5% of WRIA10 47.269678,-122.428036, i = 10, j = 195
Hylebas 0.5% of WRIA10 47.284935,-122.410011, i = 13, j = 199
WRIA9 10% of Puget Sound Watershed
Duwamish 100% of WRIA9, 50% 47.586831,-122.361259, (i = 68, j = 243) 50% 47.592099,-122.344866 (i = 68, j = 246)
WRIA8 10% of Puget Sound Watershed
Cedar/Sammamish 100% of WRIA8, 47.672894,-122.409207, i = 88, j = 246
JdF
Source used: BCCF map and Toporama map
The Juan de Fuca watershed in Morrison et al (2011) includes the north side of Juan de Fuca Strait from Victoria to Port Renfrew (inclusive) and the south side of Juan de Fuca Strait from Cape Flattery to Port Townsend.
Assume that 50% of the area of the JdF watershed defined by Morrison et al (2011) is on north side of JdF (Canada side):
From BCCF map, assume 33% of Canada side is part of San Juan River/Harris Creek watershed
San Juan River (in the steelhead map) (includes Harris Creek from the steelhead map) 48.560449,-124.404595 (i = 402, j = 56)
Assume that 14% of Canada side is in the Gordon River Watershed 48.575897,-124.415281 (i = 403, j = 56)
Assume that 20% of Canada side is in Muir/Loss/Tugwell/Jordan
Loss Creek (5% of Canada side) 48.480062,-124.27331 (i = 375, j = 71)
River Jordan (5% of Canada side) 48.421255,-124.056244 (i = 348, j = 96)
Muir Creek (5% of Canada side) 48.378744,-123.867352 (i = 326, j = 119)
Tugwell Creek (5% of Canada side) 48.375024, -123.853737 (i = 325, j = 120)
Assume that 33% of Canada side is in Sooke River Watershed 48.383846,-123.700011 (i = 308, j = 137)
Assume that 50% of the area of the watershed defined by Morrison et al (2011) is on south side of JdF (US side)
Assume that 60% of US side of JdF is occupied by watershed WRIA 18, two main rivers Elwha and Dungeness
Elwha River 48.14616,-123.567095 (50% of watershed WRIA 18) 48.148193,-123.565807 (i = 261, j = 134)
Tumwater Creek (1% of watershed WRIA 18) 48.124708,-123.445626 (i = 248, j = 151)
Valley Creek (1% of watershed WRIA 18) 48.122445,-123.437018 (i = 247, j = 152)
Ennis Creek (2% of watershed WRIA 18) 48.117202,-123.405132 (i = 244, j = 156)
Morse Creek (7% of watershed WRIA 18) 48.117861,-123.354084 (i = 240, j = 164)
Bagley Creek (2% of watershed WRIA 18) 48.114344,-123.340791 (i = 239, j = 165)
Siebert Creek (2% of watershed WRIA 18) 48.120669,-123.289497 (i = 235, j = 174)
McDonald Creek (3% of watershed WRIA 18) 48.12561,-123.220167 (i = 233, j = 183)
Matriotti Creek (2% of watershed WRIA 18) Dungeness River (30% of watershed) are at same grid point 48.154520, -123.130217 (i = 231, j = 201)
Assume that 40% of US side of JdF is occupied by watershed WRIA 19 Lyre-Hoko
Coville Creek (5% of watershed WRIA 19) 48.138342,-123.611684 (i = 263, j = 128)
Salt Creek (5% of watershed WRIA 19) 48.16328,-123.70481 (i = 275, j = 116)
Field Creek (5% of watershed WRIA 19) 48.154406,-123.810554 (i = 281, j = 100)
Lyre River (20% of watershed WRIA 19) at 48.160675, -123.828499 (i = 283, j = 98)
East Twin River/West Twin River (5% of watershed WRIA 19) 48.165957,-123.949835 (i = 293, j = 81)
Deep Creek (5% of watershed WRIA 19) 48.175316,-124.026289 (i = 299, j = 72)
Pysht River (10% of watershed WRIA 19) 48.204541,-124.095984 (i = 310, j = 65)
Clallom River (10% of watershed WRIA 19) 48.254713,-124.267824 (i = 333, j = 45)
Hoko River (20% of watershed WRIA 19) 48.287419, -124.362191 (i = 345, j = 35)
Sekiu River (10% of watershed WRIA 19) 48.288676,-124.394159 (i = 348, j = 31)
Sail River (5% of watershed WRIA 19) 48.360327,-124.556508 (i = 373, j = 17)
EVI_S
Source used: BCCF map and fluxes. Could return here using the Toporama maps.
Total flux (according to Morrison is 329.5 m3/s. Adding fluxes and areas to estimate fluxes as given below gave 292.6 so values were multiplied up to make the difference
Koksilah flows into Cowichan (9.77 m3/s)
Cowichan (55 m3/s + Koksilah) gives 22% of watershed (i=383, j=201,202)
- Chemanius 19.2 m3/s and by area, north and south of Chemanius another 1/2. Mouths are split:
o Chemanius1 6.5% of watershed (i=414, j=211) o Chemanius2, 6.5% of watershedof watershed (i=417, j=212)
- Nanaimo 39.7 m3/s. Mouths are split:
o Nanaimo1, 9.4% of watershedof watershed (i=478, j=208, 209) o Nanaimo2, 4.6% of watershedof watershed (i=477, j=210)
NorNanaimo, North of Naniamo and area of 1/2 Little Qualicum gives 2% of watershed (i=491-493, j=213)
Goldstream, 2.2 m3/s gives 8% of watershed (i=334, j=185)
Nanoose, area of 1/2 Little Qualicum gives 2% of watershed (i=518, j=185)
Englishman, 14 m3/s gives 5% of watershed (i=541, j=175)
FrenchCreek, area of 1/2 of Qualicum gives 1% of watershed (i=551, j=168)
LittleQualicum, 11.8 m3/s plus 1/2 of Qualicum in nearby area gives 5% of watershed (i=563, j=150)
Qualicum, 7.3 m3/s gives 2% of watershed (i=578, j=137)
SouthDenman, about the size of Tsable + Qualicum gives 5% of watershed (i=602, j=120)
Tsable, 7.99 m3/s but double for surrounding region 3% of watershed (i=616-617, j=120)
Trent, 3 m3/s gives 1% of watershed (i=648, j=121)
Puntledge, 42 m3/s gives 14% of watershed (i=656, j=119-120)
BlackCreek, 1.8 m3/s plus area of Qualicum gives 3% of watershed (i=701, j=123)
Jervis
Source used: Toporama map,
See this site
As there were no gauged rivers in the Jervis Inlet watershed, Trites (1955) estimated the freshwater discharge using the area of the watershed (~1400 km2) and local precipitation data. The estimated mean annual discharge of 180 m3 s-1 is considerably smaller than the discharge in most of the longer BC inlets. Unlike many of the BC inlets where the main river enters at the head, there are many small rivers and streams distributed along the shores of Jervis Inlet. The runoff cycle for Jervis Inlet more closely follows the local precipitation cycle as the area of snow fields which store winter precipitation is relatively small (Macdonald and Murray 1973).
Pickard (1961) (https://doi.org/10.1139/f61-062_): The chief difference between these inlets is that Jervis has less than 40% as much river runoff as Bute, and only one-quarter of this comes in at the head whereas in Bute three-quarters of the total enters at the head. The flushing effect of the large runoff into the head of Bute is expected to be greater on the whole of the inlet length than that of the smaller runoff distributed along the length of Jervis.
Flow out of Powell Lake taken from Sanderson et al. (1986)
Jervis Inlet only area = 1400km2 (Trites 1955) ==> 25% of Jervis watershed (5785km2)
Assume Skwawka/Hunaechin/Lausmann/Slane/Smanit/ account for 30% of Jervis only watershed
Assume Loquilts accounts for 4% of Jervis only, enters at 50.204868,-123.77326 (ish) i = 650, j = 318
Assume Potato Creek accounts for 4% of Jervis only, enters at 50.154741,-123.837075
Assume Deserted River accounts for 10% of Jervis only, enters at 50.0922,-123.745022
Assume Stakawus Creek accounts for 4% of Jervis only, enters at 50.074273,-123.776457
Crabapple Creek accounts for 4% of Jervis only, enters at 50.1207422, -123.8436382
Osgood Creek accounts for 4% of Jervis only, enters at 50.0371886, -123.8964722
Skwawka/Hunaechin/Lausmann/Slane/Smanit/Loquilts/Potato/Deserted/Crabapple/Stakawus/Osgood all enter
domain at the same point 50.0894746,-123.7828011, i = 650, j = 309 - moved off land in November 2015
Glacial Creek accounts for 5% of Jervis only, enters at 50.0062107, -123.9070838, i = 649, j = 310 - moved off land in November 2015
Seshal Creek accounts for 5% of Jervis only, enters at 50.0246890, -123.9260495, i = 651, j = 307 - moved off land in November 2015
Brittain River/Treth Creek accounts for 10% of Jervis only, enters at 49.9958119. -124.0119219, i = 650, j = 301
Assume Vancouver River/High Creek accounts for 10% of Jervis only and enter at 49.9219882, -123.8696986, i = 626, j = 311
Assume Perketts Creek accounts for 5% of Jervis only and enters at 49.8799903, -123.8681308, i = 619, j = 307
Assume Treat Creek accounts for 5% of Jervis only and enters at 49.8423159, -123.8742022, i = 612, j = 301
Sechelt is about 66% of Jervis Inlet, based on values in Table II of Pickard (1961) (110m3/s / 180m3/s) ==> 17% of Jervis watershed
Sechelt Inlet isn’t in the domain, assume the input enters at 49.770844,-123.955708, i = 604, j = 280
Outflow from Powell Lake is 3e9m3/year (Sanderson et al 1986) ==> 32% of Jervis watershed, enters at 49.874421,-124.565288, i = 666, j = 202
From Section 4 of this report
http://www.powellriverrd.bc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Community-Profile.pdf
which is no longer available on the web.Lois Lake drains 45,000ha = 450km2 ==> 8% of Jervis watershed…make it 10% to account for little rivers nearby, enters at 49.771481, -124.332197, i = 629, j = 224
From Section 4 of this report
http://www.powellriverrd.bc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Community-Profile.pdf
which is no longer available on the web.Haslam Lake drains 13,140ha = 131km2 ==> 2% of Jervis watershed, enters at 49.77356,-124.367173, i = 632, j = 219
estimate Chapman Creek drains about 2% of the catchment, enters at 49.4381655, -123.7229658, i = 522, j = 273
estimate Lapan Creek drains about 2% of the catchment, enters at 49.8368204, -123.9942065, i = 619, j = 282
estimate Nelson Island represents 2% of the catchment and this drains from West Lake, into the domain at 49.7350557, -124.0575565, i = 599, j = 257
estimate Wakefield Creek represents 2% of the catchment, into the domain at 49.4673394, -123.8048516, i = 533, j = 263
estimate Halfmoon Creek represents 2% of the catchment, into the domain at 49.5103863, -123.9119698, i = 549, j = 253
estimate Myers/Kleindale/Anderson represent 4% of catchment, into the domain at 49.6340820, -123.9952235, i = 571, j = 248
Toba
Source used: Toporama Maps
Toba River 50% at 50.492 124.365
Theodosia River 12% at 50.080 124.66
Quatam River 9% at 50.380 124.942
Brem River 9% at 50.435 124.663
Tahumming River 8% at 50.493 124.387
Racine Creek (with neighbours) 4% at 50.399 124.555
Homfray Creek (wn) 3% at 50.293 124.635
Forbes Creek wn 3% at 50.242 124.591
Chusan Creek wn 2% at 50.473 124.381
Temperature
Temperature records are available for a number of the Rivers but at this point we are only using the record from Hope (originally from Water Office data, as compiled by Allen and Wolfe, 2013).
References
Allen and Wolfe, 2013. Hindcast of the timing of the spring phytoplankton bloom in the Strait of Georgia, 1968-2010. Progress in Oceanography, 115, 6-13.
Environment and Climate Change Canada Water Office. https://wateroffice.ec.gc.ca
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